Recent Advances in Masonry Modelling: Micromodelling and Homogenisation

The mechanics of masonry structures have been for long underdeveloped in comparison with other fields of knowledge, presently, non-linear analysis being a very popular field in research. Masonry is a composite material made with units and mortar, which presents a clear microstructure. The issue of mechanical data necessary for advanced non-linear analysis is addressed first, with a set of recommendations. Then, the possibilities of using micromodelling strategies replicating units and joints are addressed, with a focus on an interface finite element model for cyclic loading and a limit analysis model. Finally, homogenisation techniques are addressed, with a focus on a model based on a polynomial expansion of the microstress field. Application examples of the different models are also given.